Formulation and evaluation of Phytosomes of Phyllanthus reticulatus

Abstract

The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate phytosomes of Phyllanthus reticulatus to enhance the bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of its bioactive compounds. The aerial parts of P. reticulatus were collected, dried, and extracted using a hydroalcoholic solvent. The extract (HEPR) was subjected to in-vitro antioxidant evaluation using DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, which demonstrated significant, concentration-dependent activity. HEPR-loaded phytosomes were prepared using the antisolvent precipitation method and optimized via Box–Behnken Design, considering the phospholipid:cholesterol ratio, temperature, and sonication time as critical formulation variables. The optimized phytosomes exhibited nanosized vesicles (157–253 nm) with high entrapment efficiency (55–73%), spherical morphology, and uniform dispersion. Physicochemical characterization using DLS, TEM, FTIR, and DSC confirmed successful incorporation of HEPR into the phospholipid matrix without chemical interactions. In-vitro release studies revealed sustained drug release compared to plain extract, highlighting the potential of phytosomal formulation in improving antioxidant delivery and therapeutic performance.

Keywords: Phyllanthus reticulates, Hydroalcoholic extract (HEPR), Phytosome, Antioxidant activity, Vesicle size, Entrapment efficiency, Box–Behnken design, Controlled drug release